Introduction

Insulin : 
       A natural hormone made by the pancreas that controls the level of the sugar glucose in the blood.

Ø  Insulin permits cells to use glucose for energy.

Ø  Cells cannot utilize glucose without insulin.

Diabetes:

The failure to make insulin or to respond to it constitutes diabetes mellitus.

Insulin is made specifically by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the  pancreas.

If the beta cells degenerate so the body cannot make enough insulin on its own, type I diabetes results.

  A person with this type of diabetes must inject exogenous insulin (insulin from sources outside the body).

Ø  In type II diabetes, the beta cells produce insulin, but cells throughout the body do not respond normally to it. Insulin also may be used in type II diabetes to help overcome the resistance of cells to insulin. 

History of Insulin

      In 1921, Frederick Grant Banting and Charles H. Best discovered insulin while they were working in the laboratory of John J.R. Macleod at the University of Toronto.

      Banting and Best extracted material from the pancreas of dogs.

       They first used this material to keep diabetic dogs alive

      In 1922 they used it successfully on a 14-year-old boy with diabetes.

             

In 1923, James B. Collip, a biochemist, discovered that purifying            

               the extract prevented many of the side effects.

      In 1923, Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize. Best and Collip were overlooked but Banting and Macleod shared the prize money with them.

http://www.filefactory.com/file/n3zq0ssfqq1/highlights%20of%20prescribing%20information%20of%20insulin%203.pdf
      find information about insulin like indications, side
effects, overdose, mechanism of action, the time preferred for injection,
different types of insulin with the brand names which available in the market,
storage and handling, dosage forms, using different methods of injections.